The ability to learn from mistakes was thought to be found only in larger animals like humans. But this myth has been busted with the research involving the nine spined stickleback fishes. These fishes are only three inches long and found almost at the bottom of the food chain! It is the prime target for predators and hence the evolution of this ability is what the researchers have to say. The stickleback copies other fishes and uses this to find food. Their ability to observe and learn has been documented. A group of scientists got a tank full of sticklebacks and let them observe the feeding pattern of other fishes in another tank. They were fed worms from two inlets one of which produced large worms. When the sticklebacks were allowed to feed in the tank, 75% of the fishes had observed which inlet gave out the larger worms. This is evolution in even the tiniest of fishes. But the sad part is that we humans are destroying their natural habitat. There is a gradual dwindling of various species of fishes and there will not be any more of them left to study evolution! It may provide a valuable link to mankind and the evolution of the learning process which even the fishes are supposed to have.

Heart is the major organ responsible for all our day to day activities. It works non stop pumping blood to all the distant tissues throughout our whole life. It is the only organ that never shuts down even for a second. If that happens, it can lead to disastrous consequences. A sudden collapse and death takes place if there is cardiac arrest. You need to stay aware of these facts and keep your heart healthy to stay fit all your life. And hence to keep your baby safe, congenital heart diseases are best diagnosed soon after birth. Congenital heart diseases are due to malformations during the development of the fetus. It may be due to genetic, environmental or chromosomal aberration. Some diseases in the pregnant mother can lead to abnormalities in the child. Rubella known as German measles in first trimester of pregnancy leads to congenital heart disorders in the child. Some of them are:

1. Atrial or Ventricular septal defect.
2. Patent ductus arteriosus.
3. Stenosis of heart valves.
4. Tetralogy of Fallot.
5. Transposition of great arteries.

The disorders can be diagnosed early by some cardinal features such as:

1. Breathing difficulty due to pulmonary congestion.
2. A machinery murmur.
3. The child appears blue.
4. Impaired growth.
5. Hypertension in upper half of the body.

These signs if noted early can lead to better treatment avenues and help your child lead a better life