Mountain sickness – Acclimatization
Mountaineering has become an adrenaline adventure for many these days! But if necessary precautions are not taken, it may lead to a downward spiral and deteriorating health conditions. It is mainly due to decrease in the oxygen content of blood. At high altitudes thought the percentage of O2 is the same as that at sea level, the pressure is low and hence the partial pressure is also less. This is why airplanes are provided with pressurized cabins so that the crew and all the passengers can travel without any ill effects. The ill effects of high altitude mountaineering is:
1. Headache, dizziness
2. Nausea, vomiting
3. Impairment of mental faculties.
4. Cracking of lips.
5. Pain in the ear.
6. Frostbite.
7. Dehydration.
These may proceed to drastic conditions if not treated. The mountaineer has to be given 100% O2 and made to rest. This doesn’t happen in high altitude dwellers due to certain mechanisms. Some people who are occupants of high altitude villages or other areas do not experience such effects as mountaineers do. This is due to:
1. Increased red blood cell count of 6 to 8 million cells/cu.mm
2. Increased blood flow to muscles, heart and brain.
3. Compensated respiration to acquire more oxygen in blood.
Hence mountaineers are not advised to go solo and are best to have a companion!